Technical index

Technical articles on gears, transmissions, planetary gears, CVTs, and cams

This section organizes the main mechanics topics into a study sequence: gears and transmission trains, planetary, CVT, differentials, cams, and analytical design.

Use the table of contents to review basic concepts, compare transmission types, or follow a complete reading path before solving mechanism exercises.

Teaching tool

Interactive Powertrain: new LASME teaching tool

How to use the new page to follow engine, gearbox, differential and wheel speeds in straight-line motion and in a turn.

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Planetary

Planetary Gear Design in Engrenarium

How to use the new module to synthesize simple and compound planetary gear sets from assembly relations and constraints.

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Planetary

Ferguson's mechanical paradox: assembly in Engrenarium

History, assembly and operation of a mechanism in which three gears exhibit apparently contradictory movements.

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Transmissions

Allison 1000 transmission: assembly in Engrenarium

Assembly of three consecutive planetary gear sets in Engrenarium, with tooth counts, constraints, and six gear ratios.

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Transmissions

Ravigneaux transmission: four gears and reverse

Reading a Ravigneaux set with two sun gears, long and short planet gears, overdrive and reverse gear.

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Transmissions

Ford Model T Transmission: Two Speeds and Reverse

Model T planetary transmission reading with first gear, second gear and reverse gear.

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Planetary

How to assemble a compound planetary gear set in Engrenarium

Example of two stages with coupling between carriers and planets, without sun gear in the second stage.

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CVT

How to assemble a CVT transmission in Engrenarium

Assembly of a didactic CVT transmission mechanism with sun gear, ring gear, planets and output via carrier.

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Gears

Gears: functions, profile and nomenclature

Introduction to the role of gears, the relationship between teeth, pitch diameter, module and involute profile.

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Trains

Simple and compound gear trains

How to read gear ratios, idler gears, compound pairs, direction of rotation and train value.

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Application

Manual transmission as a gear train

A didactic reading of gears, selected pairs, direct gear, reduction and reverse in manual transmissions.

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Gears

Bevel, helical, and worm gears

Comparison between gear families when the axes are no longer parallel or when high reduction is sought.

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Planetary

Planetary gears: general case and train value

General formulation for epicyclic gear trains, relative speeds, carrier and interpretation of train value.

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Planetary

Applications of planetary gears

Why planetary gears appear in screwdrivers, automatic transmissions, mechanical CVTs and compact sets.

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Differences

Compound planetary gear sets and differentials

How couplings, carriers and degrees of freedom change the analysis of compound planetary gear sets and automotive differentials.

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Cams

Cams: fundamentals of synthesis and analysis

Introductory text on cams, laws of motion, pressure angle and didactic paper on motion synthesis.

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Cams

Cams: nomenclature, followers and design workflow

Essential terms, followers types, critical positions, and initial organization of a cam cycle.

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Cams

Displacement curves for cam design

How to specify SVAJ curves for dwell, constant velocity, cycloidal, harmonic and polynomial motion.

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Design

Analytical design of cams

Profile coordinates, base radius, pressure angle, curvature and cusp risk in cam design.

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